Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK

Bi-level Multi-leader Multi-follower Stackelberg Game Model for Multi-energy Retail Package Optimization
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
2.Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company, Nanjing 211100, China
3.Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Fund Project:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52077146) and the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2023YFSY0032).

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    Abstract:

    In the competitive energy market, energy retailers are facing the uncertainties of both energy price and demand, which requires them to formulate reasonable energy purchasing and selling strategies for improving their competitiveness in this market. Particularly, the attractive multi-energy retail packages are the key for retailers to increase their benefit. Therefore, combined with incentive means and price signals, five types of multi-energy retail packages such as peak-valley time-of-use (TOU) price package and day-night bundled price package are designed in this paper for retailers. The iterative interactions between retailers and end-users are modeled using a bi-level model of stochastic optimization based on multi-leader multi-follower (MLMF) Stackelberg game, in which retailers are leaders and end-users are followers. Retailers make decisions to maximize the profit considering the conditional value at risk (CVaR) while end-users optimize the satisfaction of both energy comfort and economy. Besides, a distributed algorithm is proposed to obtain the Nash equilibrium of above MLMF Stackelberg game model while the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and CPLEX solver are applied to solve the optimization model for each participant (retailer or end-user). Numeral results show that the designed retail packages can increase the overall profit of retailers, and the overall satisfaction of industrial users is the highest while that of residential users is the lowest after game interaction.

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History
  • Received:December 08,2022
  • Revised:March 19,2023
  • Adopted:
  • Online: January 22,2024
  • Published: