Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK

Real-time Locally Optimal Schedule for Electric Vehicle Load via Diversity-maximization NSGA-II
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Low Emission Vehicle (Beijing Key Lab) Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2.School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, U.K

Fund Project:

This work was supported by Chinese Scholarship Council (No. 201906030036) and in part by National Academician Workstation Project (No. 20180525YX002).

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    Abstract:

    As distributed energy storage equipments, electric vehicles (EVs) have great potential for applications in power systems. Meanwhile, reasonable optimization of the charging time of EVs can reduce the users expense. Thus, the schedule of the EV load requires multi-objective optimization. A diversity-maximization non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (DM-NSGA)-II is developed to perform multi-objective optimization by considering the power load profile, the userscharging cost, and battery degradation. Furthermore, a real-time locally optimal schedule is adopted by utilizing a flexible time scale. The case study illustrates that the proposed DM-NSGA-II can prevent being trapped in a relatively limited region so as to diversify the optimal results and provide trade-off solutions to decision makers. The simulation analysis shows that the variable time scale can continuously involve the present EVs in the real-time optimization rather than rely on the forecasting data. The schedule of the EV load is more practical without the loss of accuracy.

    表 4 Table 4
    表 2 Table 2
    图1 Architecture of charging station and illustration of proposed schedule.Fig.1
    图2 Varying charging and optimization window.Fig.2
    图3 Illustration of solution diversity measure.Fig.3
    图4 Implementation flowchart of charging.Fig.4
    图5 Comparison of global and local schedule for individual objective. (a) Case 1. (b) Case 2.Fig.5
    图7 Experimental results. (a) Random initialization. (b) WA initialization. (c) DM initialization. (d) NSGA-II. (e) WA-NSGA-II. (f) DM-NSGA-II.Fig.7
    图8 Selection of reference points in IGD.Fig.8
    图9 Pareto frontier. (a) Battery degradation versus users’ charging cost. (b) Power load profile versus users’ charging cost. (c) Power load profile versus battery degradation.Fig.9
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History
  • Received:February 20,2020
  • Revised:
  • Adopted:
  • Online: August 04,2021
  • Published: