Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK

LSTM-based Energy Management for Electric Vehicle Charging in Commercial-building Prosumers
Author:
Affiliation:

1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;2.Center for Electric Power and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark;3.State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing, China;4.Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Fund Project:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51877078), the State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Operation Control Open Project (No. SGNR0000KJJS1907535), and the Beijing Nova Program (No. Z201100006820106).

  • Article
  • |
  • Figures
  • |
  • Metrics
  • |
  • Reference
  • |
  • Related
  • |
  • Cited by
  • |
  • Materials
    Abstract:

    As typical prosumers, commercial buildings equipped with electric vehicle (EV) charging piles and solar photovoltaic panels require an effective energy management method. However, the conventional optimization-model-based building energy management system faces significant challenges regarding prediction and calculation in online execution. To address this issue, a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) based machine learning algorithm is proposed in this paper to schedule the charging and discharging of numerous EVs in commercial-building prosumers. Under the proposed system control structure, the LSTM algorithm can be separated into offline and online stages. At the offline stage, the LSTM is used to map states (inputs) to decisions (outputs) based on the network training. At the online stage, once the current state is input, the LSTM can quickly generate a solution without any additional prediction. A preliminary data processing rule and an additional output filtering procedure are designed to improve the decision performance of LSTM network. The simulation results demonstrate that the LSTM algorithm can generate near-optimal solutions in milliseconds and significantly reduce the prediction and calculation pressures compared with the conventional optimization algorithm.

    图1 BEMS structure and illustration of power and information flows in it.Fig.1
    图2 Final structure of each LSTM neural network proposed in this paper.Fig.2
    图3 Overall implementation procedure of LSTM-based BEMS model.Fig.3
    图4 Simulation data. (a) Electrical demand on weekdays of one year. (b) PV output on weekdays of one year. (c) TOU tariff and feed-in tariff. (d) EV availability on weekdays of one year.Fig.4
    图5 Loss function of LSTM network during training process.Fig.5
    图6 SOC scheduling results of 8 randomly selected EVs using different methods. (a) EV 5. (b) EV 16. (c) EV 22. (d) EV 6. (e) EV 34. (f) EV 56. (g) EV 80. (h) EV 98.Fig.6
    图7 Power scheduling results of commercial building using different methods.Fig.7
    图8 Comparison of different methods in terms of electricity cost on 30 consecutive weekdays.Fig.8
    图9 Comparison of summed power scheduling results of all EVs (100 in total) on 30 consecutive weekdays. (a) Using MILP with complete information. (b) Using LSTM.Fig.9
    表 1 Table 1
    Reference
    Related
    Cited by
Get Citation
Share
Article Metrics
  • Abstract:
  • PDF:
  • HTML:
  • Cited by:
History
  • Received:July 21,2020
  • Revised:
  • Adopted:
  • Online: September 28,2021
  • Published: