The scale of distributed energy resources is increasing, but imperfect business models and value transmission mechanisms lead to low utilization ratio and poor responsiveness. To address this issue, the concept of cleanness value of distributed energy storage (DES) is proposed, and the spatiotemporal distribution mechanism is discussed from the perspectives of electrical energy and cleanness. Based on this, an evaluation system for the environmental benefits of DES is constructed to balance the interests between the aggregator and the power system operator. Then, an optimal low-carbon dispatching for a virtual power plant (VPP) with aggregated DES is constructed, wherein energy value and cleanness value are both considered. To achieve the goal, a green attribute labeling method is used to establish a correlation constraint between the nodal carbon potential of the distribution network (DN) and DES behavior, but as a cost, it brings multiple nonlinear relationships. Subsequently, a solution method based on the convex envelope (CE) linear reconstruction method is proposed for the multivariate nonlinear programming problem, thereby improving solution efficiency and feasibility. Finally, the simulation verification based on the IEEE 33-bus DN is conducted. The simulation results show that the multidimensional value recognition of DES motivates the willingness of resource users to respond. Meanwhile, resolving the impact of DES on the nodal carbon potential can effectively alleviate overcompensation of the cleanness value.